Which of the following conditions is associated with perinatal asphyxia?

Perinatal asphyxia occurs when a newborn does not receive enough oxygen during labor and delivery, which can lead to serious complications. Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are particularly at risk for this condition because their growth is restricted, often due to inadequate placental blood flow or oxygen supply. Factors contributing to SGA status can include maternal health issues, placental insufficiency, or other complications of pregnancy.

Infants who are classified as SGA may have a higher likelihood of experiencing compromised oxygenation during the perinatal period, making them more vulnerable to asphyxia compared to infants with normal growth patterns. SGA is associated with various risk factors that can lead to decreased oxygen delivery, thus contributing to the potential for perinatal asphyxia.

Multiple pregnancies can lead to several complications, but they are not specifically linked to an increased occurrence of perinatal asphyxia in the same direct manner as SGA. Maternal diabetes, while it can present its own risks, often includes proper monitoring and management strategies that may not typically result in asphyxia as an immediate concern. Advanced maternal age is more related to other obstetric risks like chromosomal abnormalities and preterm birth rather than a direct contributor to the mechanisms leading