Which condition is most likely associated with infants born to mothers with poor diabetes management?

The condition most likely associated with infants born to mothers with poor diabetes management is macrosomia. Macrosomia refers to a condition where an infant is significantly larger than average, often defined as a birth weight of over 8 pounds 13 ounces (or 4,000 grams). Poorly controlled diabetes in mothers leads to elevated blood glucose levels, which can result in increased fetal insulin production. This excess insulin allows the fetus to store more fat, contributing to increased birth weight.

Mothers with poorly managed diabetes also tend to have higher rates of gestational diabetes, which can further exacerbate macrosomia due to the factors described. The increased size of the infant poses several risks during delivery, including a higher chance of cesarean delivery and birth injuries.

While low birth weight and early delivery can occur due to maternal health issues, they are not as directly associated with poor diabetes management. Multifetal gestation refers to multiple births and is unrelated to the management of diabetes. In summary, macrosomia arises primarily because of the metabolic changes induced by poorly controlled maternal diabetes, making it the most relevant condition in this context.