When does the second stage of labor begin?

The second stage of labor begins upon full dilation and effacement of the cervix. This marks the transition from the first stage of labor, which is primarily focused on the cervix dilating and effacing. During the first stage, the cervix opens to allow the fetus to move into the birth canal. Once the cervix is fully dilated to 10 centimeters and effaced, this stage is considered complete, allowing the mother to start actively pushing and the fetus to descend through the birth canal.

This differentiation between stages is crucial in obstetric care, as it helps healthcare providers assess progress during labor and respond appropriately to the needs of both the mother and the fetus. Understanding when each stage begins and ends is essential for effective labor management and delivery preparation.