What stage of life is most affected by hypovolemia?

Infants are particularly susceptible to hypovolemia due to their relatively low blood volume and higher metabolic demands. In the early stages of life, infants have a smaller reserve for fluid loss, meaning even minor changes in fluid balance can lead to significant clinical effects.

Additionally, their ability to compensate for hypovolemia is less efficient due to immature physiological systems, including cardiovascular responses and limited renal function, which complicates fluid regulation.

Environmental factors, such as temperature regulation and a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, can lead to more rapid fluid losses through evaporation. This combination of factors makes infants the most critical group to monitor for hypovolemic conditions, as they can quickly develop severe dehydration or shock if fluid losses are not adequately addressed.