What is the purpose of administering TPN or gavage feedings to preterm infants?

The administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or gavage feedings to preterm infants primarily serves the purpose of providing adequate nutrition. Preterm infants often have underdeveloped gastrointestinal systems that may not be capable of handling enteral (oral or via feeding tube) feeds initially. In such cases, TPN allows for nutrients to be supplied directly into the bloodstream, ensuring that the infant receives sufficient proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals necessary for growth and development. Gavage feedings, on the other hand, facilitate gradual oral feeding that can be managed as the infant matures and their gastrointestinal function improves.

Providing adequate nutrition is critical to support rapid growth and development in preterm infants, who are at risk of nutrient deficiencies. Adequate caloric intake is essential for them to succeed in their early days outside the womb, as they may be unable to consume enough through breastfeeding or bottle-feeding alone. As a result, ensuring that preterm infants receive the nutrients they need through these methods directly addresses their essential nutritional requirements during a vulnerable period of development.