What is the purpose of vernix in full term infants?

Vernix caseosa is a thick, white, cheese-like substance that covers the skin of full-term infants at birth. Its primary purpose is to protect the skin from amniotic fluid exposure while in utero and to help prevent skin damage during the birthing process. The vernix acts as a natural moisturizer and barrier, ensuring that the fragile skin of the newborn does not dry out or become irritated. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to safeguard against infections.

While there are other functions associated with newborn care, such as body temperature regulation or supporting fat storage, these are not the primary roles of vernix. The unique composition of vernix, which includes water, lipids, and proteins, makes it particularly effective at forming this protective layer, illustrating the importance of skin protection for infants immediately after birth.