What hormonal tests may be evaluated to confirm ovulation?

To confirm ovulation, evaluating serum progesterone, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and prolactin is particularly relevant.

Serum progesterone is the key hormone produced after ovulation, as it is secreted by the corpus luteum. A rise in progesterone levels indicates that ovulation has occurred, as it prepares the endometrium for a potential pregnancy.

FSH and LH are crucial for regulating the ovarian cycle; FSH stimulates follicle maturation and LH triggers ovulation. Monitoring these hormones helps assess the ovarian function and confirm that ovulation is taking place.

Prolactin, although primarily known for its role in lactation, can influence menstrual cycles and ovulatory function. Abnormal levels may indicate underlying conditions affecting ovulation.

The other options involve hormones that are not directly associated with the confirmation of ovulation. For example, cortisol and insulin are related to stress responses and metabolic functions, not ovulation specifically. Thyroid hormones are essential for overall endocrine health, but they are not measures of ovulation. Similarly, while estrogen is involved in the menstrual cycle, it does not provide direct confirmation of ovulation without correlating progesterone levels.