What does the second stage of labor encompass?

The second stage of labor specifically refers to the period from complete cervical dilation (typically at 10 centimeters) until the birth of the baby. This stage is characterized by the mother experiencing strong and frequent contractions that help push the baby down the birth canal. It is an active phase of labor where the descent and eventual delivery of the fetus occur.

Understanding the structure of labor stages is vital in obstetrics. The first stage is when the cervix dilates to its fullest, while the second stage is the actual delivery phase. The third stage, which is often confused with the second stage, takes place after the birth of the baby and involves the delivery of the placenta. Recognizing these distinctions aids healthcare providers in managing labor effectively and delivering appropriate care during each phase of the process.