What does RDS stand for in obstetric terms?

RDS in obstetric terms stands for Respiratory Distress Syndrome. This condition primarily affects newborns, particularly preterm infants, due to the insufficient production of surfactant in their lungs. Surfactant is critical for reducing surface tension in the alveoli, which helps keep the air sacs in the lungs open and prevents collapse during exhalation. When there is an inadequate supply of surfactant, infants may experience difficulty breathing, leading to a decrease in oxygen supply to their bodies.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome can manifest in different forms, with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) being the most common type, typically associated with premature birth. The clinical management of this syndrome often involves the administration of supplemental oxygen, assisted ventilation, and surfactant replacement therapy to improve respiratory function.

Understanding RDS is crucial in obstetric care, especially for managing high-risk pregnancies and preparing for potential complications in delivery.