During which phase of labor are narcotics contraindicated?

Narcotics are contraindicated during the transition phase of labor primarily due to the potential effects on both the mother and the fetus. The transition phase is characterized by intense contractions and the near completion of cervical dilation. During this time, rapid progress is typical, and administering narcotics can lead to respiratory depression in the newborn if the labor progresses quickly. Additionally, the sedative effects of narcotics may hinder the mother's ability to participate actively in labor, potentially complicating the delivery process.

In contrast, the other phases of labor—latent, active, and the second stage—allow for the use of narcotics under certain circumstances, primarily because they typically feature a longer duration or may not present the same immediate risks to the newborn. In the latent and active phases, for example, the timing of narcotics can be carefully managed to limit adverse effects, while in the second stage, careful monitoring can similarly mitigate risks with appropriate timing and management strategies.